INTRAVENOUS PYLOGRAPHY (IVP)

 INTRODUCTION:-

Intravenous Pyelography (IVP), also known as intravenous urography, is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses X-rays and a contrast medium to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is useful for assessing the  urinary tract abnormalities and congenital abnormalities. 

INDICATION:-

• Renal colic
• Hematuria
• Abnormalities of ureter
• Ureteric Injury
• Bladder pathology

CONTRAINDICATION:-

• Renal System Failure 
• Allergy to iodinated contrast 
• Drug allergy
• Pregnancy 

PATIENT PREPARATION:-

• Patient should be asked for doing Renal function test to ensure kidneys working well and can process the contrast agent.
• Patient should be asked about medical histories such as if there is any allergies to iodine or contrast media.
• Patient sh0uld be asked to take laxative  day before procedure for good bowel preparation.
•  Patient should take liquid or light diet 1 day prior to the procedure .
• Patient should be advised to not take any food 6-7 hours before the procedure.

EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:-

• 500Ma x-ray machine for imaging with fluoroscopic table 
• Iodinated contrast agent.
• IV equipment's such as Catheters, Syringes  and infusion set for contrast administration  .
• Filming or digital imaging solutions for generating the image.

PROCEDURE:-

• Patient should lie in supine position in the fluoroscopic table
• A scout film of KUB should taken before the procedure to visualize radio dense calculi
• A test injection of 1-2 ml contrast should be injected and patient should be observed for 5-10 minutes for figuring out any early reaction to contrast    
• Then contrast media should be injected

FILMING:-

1. SCOUT FILM-                     This  is the initial film taken before the injection of contrast media. This helps in assessing any pre existing abnormalities such as calcifications or mases in the KUB region.
2. IMMEDIATE FILM-           This is then taken after the contrast media is injected this film shows the distribution of  the contrast media in the kidneys . This shows the nephrogram of the kidney.
3. 5MINUTE FILM-                  This is taken after 5 minute of contrast administration and this shows the images of nephrogram, major & minor calyx and upper part of the ureter.
4. 15 MINUTE FILM-               This is taken after 15 minutes of contrast administration the 15 minute film shows the major & minor calyx, ureter, VI junction and bladder.
5. FULL BLADDER/PRE VOID-          This is taken after 30 minutes of contrast administration during that time the bladder should be filled with urine and contrast thus this is taken to evaluate bladder
6. POST VOID-                              This is taken after urination when the urinary bladder should be empty this shows the remaining urine and obstructing objects if any in the bladder          

POST PROCEDURE CARE:- 

• Patient should be monitored to asses any adverse reaction  due to contrast media including allergic reaction.
• Patient should be asked to take enough amount of water to flush the contrast out from the urinary system.

N:B- This blog post about Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) is written in my own words and is based on information gathered from various reputable sources. The content reflects my understanding and insights on the topic.All information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for personal medical concerns or questions.